Z gorljivostjo tekstilnih talnih oblog so se začeli podrobneje ukvarjati leta 1970, ko je zaradi vžiga preproge v domu ostarelih občanov v ameriški zvezni državi Ohio v požaru umrlo 31 ljudi. Združene države Amerike so takrat vpeljale standard DOC FF1-70, po katerem morajo preproge uspešno prestati tabletni test. To je ena izmed številnih metod preskušanja gorljivosti. Od takrat so postali bolj pozorni na gorljivost tekstilnih talnih oblog tudi v drugih državah. Začeli so razvijati številne metode preskušanja gorljivosti ter jih vključili v predpise in standarde. Danes je preskušanje gorljivosti eno izmed pomembnejših preskušanj tekstilnih talnih oblog. V prispevku so predstavljene najpogostejše metode preskušanja gorljivosti tekstilnih talnih oblog.

STANDARDNE METODE PRESKUŠANJA GORLJIVOSTI TEKSTILNIH TALNIH OBLOG
Za preskušanje gorljivosti tekstilnih talnih oblog obstaja veliko standardiziranih metod (preglednica št. 1). Metode preskušanja gorljivosti se razlikujejo glede na izvor vnetljivosti (cigarete, vžigalice, iskre ...) in glede na položaj izdelka v prostoru (vodoraven ali navpičen). Obnašanje vzorca med preskusom tako simulira dejansko obnašanje izdelka v prostoru med požarom.

Preglednica št. 1: Pregled standardnih metod preskušanja vnetljivosti in gorljivosti tekstilnih talnih oblog

Metoda	Standard
tabletni test	ISO 6925: Method for determination of the effects of a small source of ignition on textile floor coverings (methenamin tablet test) BS 6307: Method for determination of the effects of a small source of ignition on textile floor coverings (methenamine tablet test) ASTM D2859-93a: Standard Test Method for Flammability of Finished Textile Floor Coverings Materials
segret kovinski vijak	BS 4790: Detemination of the effects of a small source of ignition on textile floor coverings (hot metal nut method) BS 5287: Specification for assessment and labelling of textile floor coverings tested to BS 4790
radiacijska energija	EN ISO 9239-1: Reaction to fire tests for floorings – Part 1: Determination of the burning behaviour using a radiant heat source EN ISO 9239-2: Reaction to fire tests for floorings – Part 2: Determination of flame spread at a heat flux level of 25 kW/m2 DIN 4102-1: Fire behaviour of building materials and building components – Part 1: Building materials, terminology, requirements and test DIN 4102-14: Fire behaviour of building materials and elements; determination of the burning behaviour of floor covering systems using a radiant heat source BS 476-7: Fire tests on building materials and structures – Part 7: Surface spread of flame tests for material ASTM E 648: Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
vertikalna metoda	DIN 54 332: Testing of textiles; determination of the burning behaviour of textile floor coverings
druge metode	ASTM D 2859: Standard Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials ASTM F 1514: Standard Test Method for Measuring Heat Stability of Resilient Vinyl Flooring by Color DIN 66090-1: Textile floor coverings; requirements of construction, burning behaviour

V naslednji številki Koraka bomo podrobno opisali najpogostejše standardne metode preskušanja gorljivosti.

Viri
SIST EN 1470 Textile floor coverings – Classification of needled floor coverings except for needled pile floor coverings
EN ISO 9239-1: Reaction to fire tests for floorings – Part 1: Determination of the burning behaviour using a radiant heat source
EN ISO 9239-2: Reaction to fire tests for floorings – Part 2: Determination of flame spread at a heat flux level of 25 kW/m2
ISO 6925: Method for determination of the effects of a small source of ignition on textile floor coverings (methenamin tablet test)
ISO 6347 Textile floor coverings – consumer information
ISO 1307 Textile floor coverings – Classification of pile carpets
BS 6307: Method for determination of the effects of a small source of ignition on textile floor coverings (methenamine tablet test)
BS 4790: Detemination of the effects of a small source of ignition on textile floor coverings (hot metal nut method)
BS 5287: Specification for assessment and labelling of teytile floor coverings tested to BS 4790
BS 476-7: Fire tests on building materials and structures – Part 7: Surface spread of flame tests for material
DIN 4102-1: Fire behaviour of building materials and building components – Part 1: Building materials, terminology, requirements and test
DIN 4102-14: Fire behaviour of building materials and elements; determination of the burning behaviour of floor covering systems using a radiant heat source
DIN 54 332: Testing of textiles; determination of the burning behaviour of textile floor coverings
ASTM D 2859: Standard Test Method for Flammability of Finished Textile Floor Coverings Materials
ASTM E 648: Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source

mag. Mirjam Leskovšek, univ. dipl. inž.
Naravoslovnotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za tekstilstvo